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本溪市人民政府地方性法规草案和规章制定程序规定

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本溪市人民政府地方性法规草案和规章制定程序规定

辽宁省本溪市人民政府


本溪市人民政府地方性法规草案和规章制定程序规定

本溪市人民政府令第127号


  《本溪市人民政府地方性法规草案和规章制定程序规定》已经本溪市第十三届人民政府第63次常务会议讨论通过,现予发布,自2006年9月1日起施行。
                               代市长 冮瑞
                               二○○六年七月二十日
        本溪市人民政府地方性法规草案和规章制定程序规定
            第一章 总则
第一条为促进立法工作科学化、规范化、公开化,提高制定地方性法规和规章质量,根据《中华人民共和国立法法》(以下简称《立法法》)、国务院《规章制定程序条例》(以下简称《条例》)和《全面推进依法行政实施纲要》等规定,结合本市实际,制定本规定。
第二条本规定所称地方性法规,是指本溪市人民政府提请本溪市人民代表大会(以下称市人大)或其常务委员会(以下称市人大常委会)制定的地方性法规。本规定所称规章,是指本溪市人民政府制定的规章。
第三条地方性法规草案的申请立项、调研、起草、提请审议等工作适用本规定。规章的立项、调研、起草、审核、决定、公布、备案、解释、清理等工作适用本规定。
第四条地方性法规可以就下列事项做出规定:
㈠国家法律、行政法规和省地方性法规授权规定的;
㈡为保证宪法、国家法律、行政法规和省地方性法规在本市实施的;
㈢国家和省尚未立法,本市实际工作需要的。
第五条规章可以就下列事项做出规定:
㈠为执行法律、行政法规、地方性法规的规定需要制定规章的事项;
㈡属于本市的具体行政管理的事项。
第六条拟定地方性法规草案和制定规章应当遵循《立法法》、《条例》确定的立法原则,符合宪法及法律、法规的规定。在经济立法方面,应遵循世界贸易组织规则,适应市场经济规律要求。从本市实际需要出发,科学合理地规定国家行政机关的权力与责任及公民、法人和其他组织的权利与义务。
第七条市政府法制办公室是市政府法制工作的综合办事机构,在市政府拟定地方性法规草案和制定规章方面,负责下列工作:
㈠编制年度地方性法规草案的立法计划,报请市政府批准后,拟定向市人大常委会提出的立法议案;
㈡编制年度规章立法计划,报市政府批准后组织实施;
㈢代市政府起草或者组织有关部门起草地方性法规草案和规章;
㈣对地方性法规草案和规章进行审查、调研论证和项目效益分析;
㈤在审查地方性法规草案和规章过程中,征求有关部门意见并依法做出处理;
㈥规章备案、解释、清理工作;
㈦对发布施行的规章定期进行评价;㈧在拟定地方性法规草案和制定规章过程中的其他有关具体工作。
第八条市政府各行政管理部门是拟定地方性法规草案和规章的工作部门,在立法过程中负有下列责任:
㈠提出年度立法计划申请;
㈡按照市政府批准的立法计划起草立法文本;
㈢征求相关部门意见,并根据市政府法制办公室的要求进行论证、调研和修改;
㈣起草地方性法规和规章说明材料,并按要求分别向市人大常委会和市政府报告;
㈤根据市政府统一安排,对本部门起草生效的规章定期进行清理。
第九条拟定地方性法规草案和制定规章所需经费,应当列入本部门财政预算。
            第二章立项
第十条确定立法计划要坚持少而精的原则,立法重点放在有利于本溪经济发展、解决重大社会问题以及维护公共秩序和公共安全等方面,严格控制一般性立法。
第十一条地方性法规拟定计划和规章制定计划,由市政府法制办公室在征求公民、法人和其他组织的基础上每年编制一次。
第十二条市政府各有关部门、公民、法人和其他组织有立法意向的,应在每年11月30日前填写《立法建议书》(包括法规或者规章的名称、起草部门、制定目的、制定依据、项目效益评价报告及其他主要事项)。各部门提出立法申请的,应由本部门主要负责人签字并加盖部门公章报分管市长同意后,由市政府法制办公室审核汇总。
第十三条编制立法计划实行公开化制度。市政府法制办公室编制年度立法计划前,应当在报纸、广播电台、电视台等新闻媒体广泛征求立法建议。
第十四条市政府法制办公室对立项申请和立法建议进行充分调研论证后,根据全市社会经济发展需要拟定年度立法计划,其中:规章制定计划经市政府批准后组织实施;拟定地方性法规计划经市政府同意后,提请市人大常委会审议批准。
第十五条已列入市人大常委会立法计划或市政府规章制定计划的地方性法规项目和规章项目,承担起草任务的部门必须按照立法计划组织实施。因特殊情况不能完成起草任务的,必须及时向市政府提交书面报告;变更地方性法规项目的,须经市长同意后提请市人大常委会审议批准。
第十六条部门因工作需要追加立法项目的,必须在进行可行性论证的基础上,填报《本溪市计划外立法审批表》,经市政府法制办公室审核同意,报市长或常务副市长批准后,方可列入年度立法计划。
            第三章起草
第十七条地方性法规草案和规章由市政府组织起草。市政府可以根据实际需要,确定一个或者几个部门联合起草,也可以决定由市政府法制办公室组织起草或委托专家起草。
第十八条地方性法规草案和规章的起草部门,应当指定专人或者成立专门小组负责起草工作。
第十九条地方性法规草案的名称一般称“条例”,根据需要也可以称“办法”、“规定”。规章的名称一般称“规定”、“办法”、“实施细则”,但不得称条例。
第二十条地方性法规草案以条、款作为基本构成单位;根据内容需要,可以设章、节,条、款下可以增设项、目。规章以条、款作为基本构成单位,规章一般不分章、节,条、款下可以增设项、目。章、节、条的序号用中文数字依次表述,款不编序号,项的序号用中文数字加括号依次表述,目的序号用阿拉伯数字依次表述。
第二十一条地方性法规草案、规章应当结构严谨、条理清晰、文字简明、用词准确。特指、专用的名词,应当作必要的解释。
第二十二条地方性法规草案、规章的内容一般应当包括:
㈠制定的目的、法律依据和原则;
㈡调整对象、适用范围和行政管理机关;
㈢行政管理机关的职权、职责和义务,行政管理相对人的权利和义务;
㈣具体行政管理事项、程序和法律责任;
㈤需要委托符合法定条件的组织实施行政处罚的,应当作出明确规定;
㈥解释权属;
㈦生效日期及需废止的地方性法规、政府规章或文件。
第二十三条地方性法规草案可以在法律、行政法规或省地方性法规规定的行政处罚行为、种类和幅度的范围内作出具体规定。规章可以在法律、行政法规或省地方性行政法规、地方性法规规定的处罚行为、种类和幅度范围内作出具体规定。尚未制定法律、行政法规或省地方性法规的,地方性法规对违反行政管理秩序的行为可以设定除限制人身自由和吊销企业营业执照外的行政处罚;规章对违反行政管理秩序的行为,可以设定警告或者一定数额罚款的行政处罚,罚款限额执行辽宁省人民代表大会常务委员会的有关规定。
第二十四条地方性法规草案和规章的内容应当符合宪法及法律、行政法规和其他上位法的规定,并与现行有关地方性法规或者规章的内容相符合和衔接。
第二十五条凡涉及市政府其他部门职责或者与其他部门关系紧密的地方性法规草案或规章,起草部门应当充分征求相关部门的意见;起草部门与相关部门意见不一致的,应当充分协商,经协商仍不一致的,要在报送地方性法规草案或者规章送审稿时加以说明。
第二十六条起草地方性法规草案、规章,起草部门应当结合本市实际,广泛借鉴外地成功经验,听取有关机关、组织和公民的意见。
第二十七条实行专家立法论证制度。市政府设立专家论证委员会,聘请各学科、行业中的中高级专家,论证或委托起草地方性法规草案和规章。专家论证委员会办公室设在市政府法制办公室。
第二十八条实行立法听证制度。地方性法规草案、规章的内容涉及公民、法人或其他组织切身利益的,有关机关、组织或者公民对其有重大意见分歧的,起草部门应当向社会公布草案,征求社会各界意见;也可以举行听证会。听证会依照下列程序组织:
㈠听证会公开举行。起草部门应当在举行听证会的30日前公布听证会的时间、地点和内容,并以书面形式通知市政府法制办公室;
㈡参加听证会的有关机关、组织和公民对起草的地方性法规草案或规章,有权提问和发表意见;
㈢听证会应当制作笔录,如实记录发言人的主要观点和理由;
㈣起草部门应当认真研究听证会上反映的各种意见,在报送审查时,应当说明对听证会意见的处理情况及其理由。
第二十九条地方性法规草案、规章起草完毕后,起草部门应当写出起草说明。起草说明应当包括以下内容:
㈠拟规范事项的现状和主要问题;㈡起草地方性法规草案或者规章的目的、必要性及立法原则;㈢规定的主要措施及其法律依据;
㈣施行的可行性及预期效果;
㈤对不同意见的处理情况;
㈥需要说明的其他问题。
第三十条起草部门应当将地方性法规草案、规章送审稿以正式文件形式,连同下列文件和材料报市政府法制办公室:
㈠地方性法规草案或者规章送审稿正文及其电子文本;
㈡地方性法规草案或者规章送审稿说明正文及其电子文本;
㈢有关机关、组织和个人对地方性法规草案、规章送审稿的主要不同意见;召开听证会的,应当附有听证会记录;
㈣有关法律法规依据对照表及其电子文本;㈤其他有关材料。地方性法规草案、规章送审稿,应当由起草部门行政正职负责人签署;几个部门共同起草的,应当由各部门行政正职负责人共同签署。有关材料主要包括汇总的意见、调研报告、国内外有关立法资料等。
第三十一条报送的地方性法规草案、规章送审稿不符合本规定第二十九条、第三十条的,市政府法制办公室可以要求起草部门在15日内补充相关缺欠文件和材料。起草部门未按要求补交的,市政府法制办公室可以将送审稿退回起草部门限期重新报送。
            第四章审查
第三十二条地方性法规草案、规章送审稿由市政府法制办公室负责统一审查。市政府各部门应当密切配合市政府法制办公室做好审查、协调工作。
第三十三条市政府法制办公室主要从以下方面对地方性法规草案、规章送审稿进行审查:
㈠是否符合法定的立法原则;
㈡是否与有关地方性法规、规章相符合或衔接;
㈢是否正确处理有关部门、组织、公民对地方性法规或规章送审稿主要问题的意见;
㈣是否符合本规定有关地方性法规草案、规章的技术要求;㈤其他需要审查的内容。
第三十四条地方性法规草案、规章送审稿有下列情形之一的,市政府法制办公室可以缓办或者退回起草部门:
㈠有关机构或部门对地方性法规、规章送审稿规定的主要制度存在较大争议,起草部门未与有关机构或者部门协商的;
㈡上报送审稿不符合制定地方性法规草案、规章技术要求的;
㈢制定规章的基本条件发生变化,暂不适宜制定规章的。
第三十五条市政府法制办公室应当将初步审查修改后的地方性法规草案、规章送审稿及其涉及的主要问题发送有关机关、组织和专家征求意见。有关机关、部门、组织对征求意见的送审稿涉及的主要措施、管理体制、权限分工等问题提出异议的,应当提出书面修改意见,并加盖公章后按时限要求返回市政府法制办公室。
第三十六条市政府法制办公室应当召开有相关部门参加的协调会,对地方性法规草案、规章送审稿中涉及的有关问题进行协调;达不成一致意见的,应当根据实际情况将主要问题、有关部门的意见和市政府法制办公室意见报市政府决定。
第三十七条地方性法规草案、规章送审稿直接涉及公民、法人或其他组织切身利益,有关机关、组织或者公民对其有重大意见分歧,起草部门在起草过程中未向社会公布,也未举行听证会,或者市政府法制办公室认为有再次举行听证会必要的,市政府法制办公室可以向社会公布,也可以举行听证会。举行听证会依照本规定第二十八条规定的程序进行。
第三十八条地方性法规草案、规章送审稿涉及重大问题的,市政府法制办公室在必要时应当召开由有关机关、部门、专家参加的座谈会、论证会,听取意见,研究论证。召开以上会议时,可以要求起草部门派人参加,介绍情况、听取意见、回答询问。
第三十九条市政府法制办公室在认真研究各方面意见的基础上,对地方性法规草案、规章送审稿进行修改,形成地方性法规、规章的草案和对草案的审查报告。审查报告应当包括地方性法规或规章拟解决的主要问题、确立的主要措施、与有关部门协调情况、专家意见及法律法规审查对照情况等内容。起草部门根据市政府法制办公室确定的地方性法规、规章的草案,按照本规定第二十九条规定重新制作起草说明。
第四十条地方性法规、规章的草案和起草说明,由市政府法制办公室主任审查并签署,经分管市长同意后提请市政府常务会议审议。
            第五章决定和公布
第四十一条地方性法规草案、规章经市政府常务会议或者全体会议讨论决定。会议审议地方性法规草案、规章时,由市政府法制办公室作起草说明,也可以由起草部门作说明。
第四十二条规章经市政府常务会议原则通过后,市政府法制办公室根据审议意见进行修改后,按程序报市长签署,以市人民政府令的形式公布。地方性法规草案经市政府常务会议讨论通过后,由市政府向市人大常委会呈报议案提请审议。
第四十三条公布规章的命令,应当载明该规章的制定机关、序号、规章名称、通过日期、施行日期、市长署名及公布日期。
第四十四条规章签署公布后30日内,应当在《本溪市人民政府公报》和《本溪日报》上全文刊登。在《本溪市人民政府公报》上刊登的规章文本为标准文本。规章未经公布不得施行。
第四十五条规章应当自公布之日起30日后施行,但是公布后不立即施行将有碍规章施行的,可以自公布之日起施行。
            第六章备案与解释
第四十六条规章自公布之日起30日内,由市政府法制办公室按照国务院《法规规章备案条例》规定,分别向国务院、辽宁省人大常委会、辽宁省人民政府和市人大常委会备案。
第四十七条规章解释权属于市人民政府,有下列情况之一的,由市政府法制办公室代表市人民政府负责解释:
㈠规章的规定需要进一步明确具体含义的;
㈡规章制定后出现新情况,需要明确适用依据的。规章解释的审查,参照规章送审稿审查程序进行。规章的解释同规章具有同等效力。地方性法规的解释权属于市人大常委会,具体程序按照市人大常委会有关规定办理。
            第七章 清理
第四十八条市政府法制办公室负责组织规章清理工作。市政府有关部门应当根据上位法和形势变化,及时对本部门负责组织实施的规章提出清理意见,报送市政府法制办公室,并在市政府法制办公室指导下进行清理。
第四十九条规章有下列情形之一的,应当及时予以修改或废止:
㈠规章与新公布的法律、行政法规或者其他上位法规定不一致的;
㈡规章制定时所依据的法律、行政法规或者其他上位法已经修改或废止的;
㈢因实际工作需要,应当增减或修改其内容的;
㈣新规章取代旧规章的;㈤其他需要修改或废止的。
第五十条规章的修改程序参照制定程序进行。规章的废止,由市政府法制办公室审核,报市人民政府批准。
第五十一条市政府法制办公室依照国务院《法规汇编编辑出版管理规定》,负责地方性法规和规章的汇编工作并编辑出版。
            第八章 附则
第五十二条本规定由市政府法制办公室负责组织实施。
第五十三条本规定自2006年9月1日起施行。1995年6月27日发布的《本溪市人民政府制定规章程序规定》(本溪市人民政府令第21号)同时废止。



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SECURITIES (INSIDER DEALING) ORDINANCE ——附加英文版

Hong Kong


SECURITIES (INSIDER DEALING) ORDINANCE
 (CHAPTER 395)
 ARRANGEMENT OF SECTIONS
  
  ion
  I    PRELIMINARY
  hort title
  nterpretation
  pplication
  Connected with a corporation"
  ossession of relevant information obtained in privileged
capacity
  Dealing in securities"
  Take-over offer"
  Relevant information"
  II    INSIDER DEALING
  hen insider dealing takes place
  Certain persons not to be held insider dealers
  Trustees and personal representatives
  Exercise of right to subscribe for or acquire securities
  Duty of officers of corporation
  Insider dealing not void or voidable
  III   INSIDER DEALING TRIBUNAL
  Constitution of Tribunal Inquiries by Tribunal
  Inquiries into insider dealing
  Powers of Tribunal
  Further powers of Tribunal to obtain information
  Incriminating answers
  Offences
  Privileged information Report and orders of Tribunal
  Report of Tribunal following inquiry
  Orders etc. of Tribunal
  Order against officer of corporation
  Limitation on aggregate amount of penalties
  Witnesses' expenses
  Expenses of investigation and inquiry
  Form and proof of order of Tribunal
  Order of Tribunal may be registered in Court
  Offence
  IV    APPEALS
  Appeal to Court of Appeal
  Powers of the Court of Appeal on appeal
  Stay of execution on appeal
  V    MISCELLANEOUS
  Offences by corporation, etc.
  Limitation on commencement of proceedings
  Chief Justice may make rules
  44. (Omitted)
 Whole document:
  
  dule.
  rdinance to amend the law relating to insider dealing in 
securities;
  for connected purposes.
  eptember 1991] L. N. 269 of 1991
 PART I PRELIMINARY
  
  hort title
  Ordinance may be cited as the Securities (Insider Dealing)
Ordinance.
  nterpretation
  In this Ordinance, unless the context otherwise requires--
  ociate", in relation to a person entitled to exercise or control 
the
  cise of voting power in relation to a corporation, means--
  that person's spouse, reputed spouse, person co-habiting 
with that
  on as a spouse, that person's brother, sister, parent, 
step-parent,
  d (natural or adopted) or step-child;
  any corporation of which that person is a director;
  any person who is an employee or partner of that person;
  if that person is a corporation--
  any director of that corporation;
  any related corporation of that corporation; and
  ) any director or employee of any such related corporation; and
  if that person has with any other person an agreement or 
arrangement
  respect to the acquisition, holding or disposal of shares or 
other
  rests in that corporation or under which they undertake 
to act
  ther in exercising their voting power in relation to it, that 
other
  on;
  k or other document" includes--
  books of a banker;
  cheques, orders for the payment of money, bills of 
exchange, and
  issory notes in the possession or under the control of a banker;
  securities in the possession or under the control of a banker,
whether
  ay of pledge or otherwise;
  any document or record used in the ordinary course of business 
of a
  ;
  any record so used which is kept otherwise than in a legible form 
and
  apable of being reproduced in a legible form; and
  any accounts or deeds;
  mission" means the Securities and Futures Commission 
established by
  Securities and Futures Commission Ordinance (Cap. 24);
  pany" means a company as defined in section 2 (1) of the 
Companies
  nance (Cap. 32);
  troller", in relation to a corporation, means any person--
  in accordance with whose directions or instructions the 
directors of
  corporation or of another corporation of which it is a subsidiary 
are
  stomed to act; or
  who, either alone or with any associate, is entitled to exercise, 
or
  rol the exercise of, more than 33% of the voting power at 
general
  ings of the corporation or of another corporation of which it 
is a
  idiary, and references in this Ordinance to "control" 
shall be
  trued accordingly; "corporation" means any company or 
other body
  orate or an unincorporated body, incorporated or formed either
in Hong
  or elsewhere;
  
  ector" includes--
  any person occupying the position of director, by 
whatever name
  ed; and
  any person in accordance with whose directions or 
instructions the
  ctors of the corporation are accustomed to act;
  ument" includes any register, book, record, tape recording, any 
form
  omputer input or output, and any other document or similar
material
  ther produced mechanically, electrically, or manually, or by any
other
  s whatsoever);
  h Court" means the High Court of Justice;
  ding company" means a corporation which is a holding company 
within
  meaning of section 2 of the Companies Ordinance (Cap. 32);
  uiry" means an inquiry instituted under section 16;
  ider dealer" means a person who perpetrates any act which 
is an
  der dealing within the meaning of section 9 and also means a 
person
  is to be regarded as an insider dealer under section 16 (6);
  ider dealing" means an insider dealing within the meaning of 
section
  
  ted securities" means securities that are listed on the 
Unified
  ange at the time of any insider dealing in relation 
to those
  rities;
  icer" in relation to a corporation includes a director, 
manager or
  etary, and in relation to an unincorporated body includes every
member
  he governing body thereof; "related corporation", in relation 
to a
  oration, means--
  any corporation that is that corporation's subsidiary or 
holding
  any or a subsidiary of that corporation's holding company;
  any corporation a controller of which is also a controller of 
that
  oration; "relevant share capital" means a corporation's issued 
share
  tal of a class carrying rights to vote at general meetings 
of the
  oration;
  urities" means any shares, stocks, debentures, loan stocks, 
funds,
  s, or notes of, or issued by, any body, whether 
incorporated or
  corporated, or of any government or local government authority, 
and
  udes--
  rights, options, or interests (whether described as 
units  or
  rwise) in or in respect of any of the foregoing;
  certificates of interest or participation in, or temporary or 
interim
  ificates for, receipts for, or warrants to subscribe to or 
purchase,
  of the foregoing; or
  any instruments commonly known as securities;
  sidiary" means any corporation which is a subsidiary 
within the
  ing of section 2 of the Companies Ordinance (Cap. 32);
  bunal" has the meaning given to it in section 15;
  fied Exchange" means the stock market established under section
27 of
  Stock Exchanges Unification Ordinance (Cap. 361).
  For the purpose of the definition of "controller", where a 
person is
  tled to exercise or control the exercise of 33% or more of the 
voting
  r at general meetings of a corporation and that 
corporation is
  tled to exercise or control the exercise of any of the voting power
at
  ral meetings of another corporation ("the effective voting 
power")
  the effective voting power at general meetings of 
that other
  oration is taken as exercisable by that person.
  
  A person shall not be deemed to be a person in accordance with 
whose
  ctions or instructions the directors of a corporation are 
accustomed
  ct by reason only that the directors of the corporation act on 
advice
  n by him in a professional capacity.
  In this Ordinance securities are deemed to be listed on the 
Unified
  ange notwithstanding that dealings in such securities 
have been
  ended.
  In this Ordinance a reference to an interest in securities is 
to be
  as including an interest of any kind whatsoever in the 
securities;
  accordingly there are to be disregarded any restraints or
restrictions
  hich the exercise of any right attached to the interest 
may be
  ect.
  pplication
  Ordinance shall not have effect with respect to an insider dealing
in
  tion to the listed securities of a corporation which has taken 
place
  re the commencement of this Ordinance.
  Connected with a corporation"
  A person is connected with a corporation for the purposes of
section 9
  being an individual--
  he is a director or employee of that corporation or a 
related
  oration; or
  he is a substantial shareholder in the corporation or a 
related
  oration; or
  he occupies a position which may reasonably be expected to give 
him
  ss to relevant information concerning the corporation by virtue
of--
  any professional or business relationship existing between
himself (or
  employer or a corporation of which he is a director or a firm of
which
  s a partner) and that corporation, a related corporation or an
officer
  ubstantial shareholder in either of such corporations; or
  his being a director, employee or partner of a 
substantial
  eholder in the corporation or a related corporation; or
  he has access to relevant information in relation to the 
corporation
  irtue of his being connected (within the meaning of paragraph (a),
(b)
  c)) with another corporation, being information which relates 
to any
  saction (actual or contemplated) involving both those
corporations or
  lving one of them and the listed securities of the other or to 
the
  that such transaction is no longer contemplated; or
  he was at any time within the 6 months preceding any 
dealing in
  tion to listed securities within the meaning of section 9 a 
person
  ected with the corporation within the meaning of paragraph (a),
(b),
  or (d).
  A corporation is a person connected with a corporation 
for the
  oses of section 9 so long as any of its directors or employees 
is a
  on connected with that other corporation within the 
meaning of
  ection (1).
  In subsection (1), "substantial shareholder" in 
relation to a
  oration means a person who has an interest in the relevant 
share
  tal of that corporation which has a nominal value equal to or 
more
  10% of the nominal value of the relevant share capital of 
that
  oration.
  
  ossession of relevant information obtained in privileged
capacity
  A public officer or a member or employee (whether such 
member or
  oyee is temporary or permanent, paid or unpaid) of any body 
referred
  n subsection (2), who in his capacity as such receives 
relevant
  rmation concerning a corporation shall be deemed to be a 
person
  ected with that corporation for the purposes of section 9.
  The bodies referred to in subsection (1) are--
  the Executive Council;
  the Legislative Council;
  the Futures Exchange Company, Stock Exchange Company or any 
clearing
  e;
  any board, commission, committee or other body appointed by 
or on
  lf of the Governor or the Governor in Council under any Ordinance;
  any body corporate established or incorporated by Ordinance; and
  any body corporate specified by the Financial Secretary by 
notice
  ished in the Gazette.
  In this section--
  aring house" means a clearing house within the meaning of section
2
  of the Commodities Trading Ordinance (Cap. 250) or authorized 
under
  other Ordinance to carry on business as a clearing house in
respect of
  rities;
  ures Exchange Company" means the Exchange Company within the 
meaning
  ection 2 (1) of the Commodities Trading Ordinance (Cap. 250);
  ck Exchange Company" means the Exchange Company within the
meaning of
  ion 2 (1) of the Stock Exchanges Unification Ordinance (Cap. 361).
  In the case of a body referred to in subsection (2) which 
has no
  ers the reference in subsection (1) to a member shall be construed 
as
  ference to a member of the governing body thereof.
  Dealing in securities"
  the purposes of this Ordinance, a person deals in securities if
  ther as principal or agent) he buys, sells, exchanges or 
subscribes
  or agrees to buy, sell, exchange or subscribe for, any securities 
or
  ires or disposes of, or agrees to acquire or dispose of, the right 
to
  sell, exchange or subscribe for, any securities.
  Take-over offer"
  his Ordinance, "take-over offer for a corporation" means an offer
made
  ll the holders (or all the holders other than the person making 
the
  r and his nominees) of the shares in the corporation to acquire 
those
  es or a specified proportion of them, or to all the holders (or 
all
  holders other than the person making the offer and his nominees)
of a
  icular class of those shares to acquire the shares of that class
or a
  ified proportion of them.
  Relevant information"
  his Ordinance "relevant information" in relation to a 
corporation
  s specific information about that corporation which is not 
generally
  n to those persons who are accustomed or would be likely to deal 
in
  listed securities of that corporation but which would if 
it were
  rally known to them be likely materially to affect the price of 
those
  rities.
 PART II INSIDER DEALING
  
  hen insider dealing takes place
  Insider dealing in relation to the listed securities of a 
corporation
  s place--
  when a person connected with a corporation who is in 
possession of
  rmation which he knows is relevant information in relation to 
that
  oration deals in any listed securities of that corporation (or
in the
  ed securities of a related corporation) or counsels or 
procures
  her person to deal in such listed securities knowing or 
having
  onable cause to believe that such person would deal in them;
  when a person who is contemplating or has contemplated making
(whether
  or without another person) a take-over offer for a corporation 
and
  knows that the information that the offer is contemplated or 
is no
  er contemplated is relevant information in  relation 
to  that
  oration, deals in the listed securities of that corporation (or
in the
  ed securities of a related corporation) or counsels or 
procures
  her person to deal in those listed securities, otherwise than for 
the
  ose of such take-over;
  when relevant information in relation to a corporation is 
disclosed
  ctly or indirectly, by a person connected with that 
corporation, to
  her person and the first-mentioned person knows that the 
information
  elevant information in relation to the corporation and knows 
or has
  onable cause for believing that the other person will make use
of the
  rmation for the purpose of dealing, or counselling or 
procuring
  her to deal, in the listed securities of that corporation (or in 
the
  ed securities of a related corporation);
  when a person who is contemplating or has contemplated making
(whether
  or without another person) a take-over offer for a corporation 
and
  knows that the information that the offer is contemplated or 
is no
  er contemplated is relevant information in  relation 
to  that
  oration, discloses that information, directly or 
indirectly, to
  her person and the first-mentioned person knows or has 
reasonable
  e for believing that the other person will make use of the
information
  the purpose in dealing, or in counselling or procuring 
another to
  , in the listed securities of that corporation (or in the 
listed
  rities of a related corporation);
  when a person who has information which he knows is 
relevant
  rmation in relation to a corporation which he received 
(directly or
  rectly) from a person--
  whom he knows is connected with that corporation; and
  whom he knows or has reasonable cause to believe 
held that
  rmation by virtue of being so connected,
  s in the listed securities of that corporation (or in the 
listed
  rities of a related corporation) or counsels or procures 
another
  on to deal in those listed securities;
  when a person who has received (directly or indirectly) from a 
person
  he knows or has reasonable cause to believe is contemplating or
is no
  er contemplating a take-over offer for a corporation, 
information to
  effect and knows that such information is relevant 
information in
  tion to that corporation, deals in the listed securities 
of that
  oration (or in the listed securities of a related 
corporation) or
  sels or procures another person to deal in those listed
securities.
  
  An insider dealing in relation to the listed 
securities of a
  oration also takes place when a person who is knowingly in 
possession
  elevant information in relation to that corporation in any 
of the
  umstances described in subsection (1) --
  counsels or procures any other person to deal in the listed
securities
  hat corporation (or in the listed securities of a related
corporation)
  he knowledge or with reasonable cause to believe that, that 
person
  d deal in those listed securities outside Hong Kong on any 
stock
  ange other than the Unified Exchange; or
  discloses that relevant information to any other person 
in the
  ledge or with reasonable cause to believe that, that or some 
other
  on will make use of that information for the purpose of dealing,
or of
  selling or procuring any other person to deal, in 
the listed
  rities of that corporation (or in the listed securities of a 
related
  oration) outside Hong Kong on any stock exchange other 
than the
  ied Exchange.

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浅论简单之债与选择之债

韩召峰


  根据债的履行是否可以选择,债可分为简单之例证民选择之债。
  简单之债,有的称为单纯之债,通说是指债的履行标的的只有一种,当事人只能按照该种标的的履行的债。当事人不仅不能选择其他的标的履行,而且在履行时间、方式、地点等方面都无选择的余地。因为  简单之债的当事人在债的履行上并无选择性,所以简单之债又称不可选择之债。
  选择之债,是指债的履行标的有数种,当事人须从中选择一种来履行的债。因为选择之债的当事人须从数种标的中选择一种履行,因此选择之便衣面具备以下两个:第一,在履行上有可选择性。债的履行上有可选择性,可以是标的种类上的不同,如债务人给付金钱或提供劳务;可以是标的物的不同,或劳务的内容不 ;也可以是履行时间上的不同,履行方式的不同,履行地点的不同。凡在债的给付标的、履行时间、方式、地点等诸方在可供选择的债,都为选择之债。第二,须于债的履行标的特定后才能履行。选择之债的履行的虽有数咱,但当事人只能从中确定一种履行,也只有在履行标的确定后当事人才能履行债。如无须确定履行标的就可以履行,则该债不为选择之债。
  区分简单之债与选择之债的意义在于,选择之债的当事人须于数种给付中选定一种履行,而简单之债不发生选择。选择之债给付的选定亦即选择之债的特定。选择之债的特定方法主要有两种:一是造反二是履行不能。给付的选择,是批当事人就选择之债的数种给付中选择一种履行的意思表示。选择是一种权利,其性质为形成权。因其行使,选择之债也?成为简单之债。选择权的归属依法律的规定或合同的约定而定,或归于债权人,或归于债务人,或归于第三人均无不可。但在法律没有明确规定,当事人也无明确约定时,选择权应归债务人一方享有。债权人或债务人有选择权的,其选择权的行使就在向他方以意思表示为之,自选择的意思到达对方发生,而无须对方承诺。第三人有选择权的,其选择权的行使应向债权人及任务人双方为之,自选择的意思表示到达后一方时生效。履行不能的特定方法,是指选择之债的数种给付只有一种可以履行百其他均发生履行不能时,则不发事人并无选择的余地,只能按可以履行标的履行。  此时,选择之债也就成为简单之债。
  特定之债有广义与狭义之分。广义的特定之债是指各种特定给付的债,既包括给付特定的物,也包括给付特定的劳务、权利等。狭义的特定之债仅指债务人应给付特定的物的债,即以特定物为标的物的债。特定之债的根本特征有于,债的标的物于合成立之时即已特定,具有不可替代性。


北安市人民法院 韩召峰

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